Occupying 20% ​​of the earth's surface, the Indian Ocean is home to a multitude of marine species. The migration of ocean wildlife is crucial for the maintenance of marine ecosystems. In addition, the oceans absorb 80% of the heat from the Earth's atmosphere; However, the capacity of the Indian Ocean to mitigate global warming is diminishing, leading to consequences such as the depletion of fish stocks.

Fish are vital to the food security of coastal communities around the world, so protecting them is imperative.

The Indian Ocean also has 30% of the world's coral reef coverage. It provides opportunities for energy generation from various sources, such as waves, ocean currents, tides, salinity gradients and ocean thermal energy conversion.

In addition, the Indian Ocean is a major tourist destination, known for its turquoise waters, the beauty of its islands, its pristine white sand beaches, its spectacular landscapes, as well as the richness of its marine and coastal biodiversity, thus attracting nature lovers from all over the world.